Analysis
Cornell biology graduates start modestly at $34,500, but the trajectory tells a different story—earnings jump 44% by year four, reaching nearly $50,000. That growth rate matters because many biology majors use their bachelor's as a stepping stone to medical school, graduate programs, or specialized careers that take time to materialize. The initial salary sits solidly above both national and New York state medians, though notably below some liberal arts colleges like Barnard and Hamilton where graduates may pursue different career paths immediately after graduation.
The real advantage here is the debt picture. At just $16,000—far below the $25,000 typical for biology programs—Cornell manages to deliver Ivy League credentials without the crushing loan burden that often accompanies elite schools. That 0.46 debt-to-earnings ratio is exceptionally manageable, even with the relatively modest starting salary. For context, many biology programs saddle students with debt equal to or exceeding their first year's earnings.
This setup makes sense for students planning additional education. The low debt load leaves financial breathing room for medical school applications, gap years, or graduate programs without the immediate pressure to maximize salary. If your child is certain about biology as a pre-professional track rather than a terminal degree, Cornell's combination of strong brand recognition, steady earnings growth, and minimal debt creates a solid foundation for the next step.
Where Cornell University Stands
Earnings vs. debt across all biology bachelors's programs nationally
Earnings Distribution
How Cornell University graduates compare to all programs nationally
Earnings Over Time
How earnings evolve from 1 year to 4 years after graduation
| School | 1 Year | 4 Years | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cornell University | $34,500 | $49,786 | +44% |
| Yeshiva University | $21,104 | $77,314 | +266% |
| Marist University | $30,737 | $74,782 | +143% |
| Siena College | $33,416 | $72,370 | +117% |
| CUNY Hunter College | $30,257 | $70,124 | +132% |
Compare to Similar Programs in New York
Biology bachelors's programs at peer institutions in New York (92 total in state)
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| School | In-State Tuition | Earnings (1yr) | Earnings (4yr) | Median Debt | Debt/Earnings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $66,014 | $34,500 | $49,786 | $16,000 | 0.46 | |
| $66,246 | $47,329 | — | $16,635 | 0.35 | |
| $65,740 | $43,639 | — | $17,000 | 0.39 | |
| $37,452 | $41,068 | $53,389 | $27,000 | 0.66 | |
| $69,045 | $40,935 | $62,588 | $19,892 | 0.49 | |
| $7,352 | $39,810 | $49,396 | $13,980 | 0.35 | |
| National Median | — | $32,316 | — | $25,000 | 0.77 |
Career Paths
Occupations commonly associated with biology graduates
Natural Sciences Managers
Clinical Research Coordinators
Water Resource Specialists
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Forensic Science Technicians
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Biological Technicians
Agricultural Technicians
Precision Agriculture Technicians
Food Science Technicians
Biological Scientists, All Other
About This Data
Source: U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard (October 2025 release)
Population: Graduates who received federal financial aid (Title IV grants or loans). At Cornell University, approximately 18% of students receive Pell grants. Students who did not receive federal aid are not included in these figures.
Earnings: Median earnings from IRS W-2 data for graduates who are employed and not enrolled in further education, measured 1 year after completion. Earnings are pre-tax and include wages, salaries, and self-employment income.
Debt: Median cumulative federal loan debt at graduation. Does not include private loans or Parent PLUS loans borrowed on behalf of students.
Sample Size: Based on 246 graduates with reported earnings and 253 graduates with debt data. Small samples may not be representative.