Analysis
Duke's economics program outperforms virtually every benchmark in sight. First-year graduates earn $98,649βnearly double the national median for economics majors and more than twice what typical North Carolina economics graduates make. Among the state's 26 economics programs, Duke ranks at the very top of the 95th percentile, with a nearly $30,000 earnings advantage over second-place Elon. The debt picture reinforces this dominance: at $13,437, graduates carry about 40% less debt than the national median, creating a debt-to-earnings ratio of just 0.14.
The trajectory matters as much as the starting point. Four years out, median earnings jump to $153,139βa 55% increase that reflects Duke's access to high-paying sectors like finance, consulting, and tech. With a 7% admission rate and average SAT of 1539, Duke attracts exceptionally talented students, but the economic outcomes suggest the school delivers substantial value beyond just student selection effects.
For families who can manage Duke's price tag or qualify for financial aid, this program represents one of the strongest returns available for economics majors. The combination of low debt and exceptional earning power creates financial flexibility that few undergraduate programs can match. The only caveat: just 13% of students receive Pell grants, suggesting financial aid may be limited for middle-income families who don't qualify for need-based assistance.
Where Duke University Stands
Earnings vs. debt across all economics bachelors's programs nationally
Earnings Distribution
How Duke University graduates compare to all programs nationally
Earnings Over Time
How earnings evolve from 1 year to 4 years after graduation
| School | 1 Year | 4 Years | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke University | $98,649 | $153,139 | +55% |
| Wake Forest University | $56,416 | $91,751 | +63% |
| University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | $65,344 | $79,084 | +21% |
| Elon University | $69,298 | $73,684 | +6% |
| Appalachian State University | $33,742 | $58,848 | +74% |
Compare to Similar Programs in North Carolina
Economics bachelors's programs at peer institutions in North Carolina (26 total in state)
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| School | In-State Tuition | Earnings (1yr) | Earnings (4yr) | Median Debt | Debt/Earnings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $65,805 | $98,649 | $153,139 | $13,437 | 0.14 | |
| $44,536 | $69,298 | $73,684 | $19,500 | 0.28 | |
| $8,989 | $65,344 | $79,084 | $15,843 | 0.24 | |
| $64,758 | $56,416 | $91,751 | $20,927 | 0.37 | |
| $7,361 | $46,425 | $56,602 | $25,375 | 0.55 | |
| $6,748 | $45,446 | $51,790 | $27,000 | 0.59 | |
| National Median | β | $51,722 | β | $22,816 | 0.44 |
Career Paths
Occupations commonly associated with economics graduates
Economists
Environmental Economists
Data Scientists
Business Intelligence Analysts
Clinical Data Managers
Statisticians
Biostatisticians
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists
Search Marketing Strategists
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Survey Researchers
About This Data
Source: U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard (October 2025 release)
Population: Graduates who received federal financial aid (Title IV grants or loans). At Duke University, approximately 13% of students receive Pell grants. Students who did not receive federal aid are not included in these figures.
Earnings: Median earnings from IRS W-2 data for graduates who are employed and not enrolled in further education, measured 1 year after completion. Earnings are pre-tax and include wages, salaries, and self-employment income.
Debt: Median cumulative federal loan debt at graduation. Does not include private loans or Parent PLUS loans borrowed on behalf of students.
Sample Size: Based on 119 graduates with reported earnings and 98 graduates with debt data. Small samples may not be representative.